Brain Conditions

Hydrocephalus

Hydrocephalus is a condition in which excess cerebrospinal fluid collects in the brain putting pressure on brain tissue, potentially damaging the brain. There are several terms commonly used when describing this condition:

• Congenital Hydrocephalus – This type is present at birth and may be the result of genes or a problem during development such as spina bifida.
• Acquired Hydrocephalus – This type may develop during the childbirth process or at any time in life.
• Hydrocephalus Ex-Vacuo – This type is the result of brain shrinkage with aging, called atrophy, or may be from an old injury or a stroke.
• Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus (NPH) – NPH is more common among older people, and may have symptoms of a decline in balance, worsened urinary control, or a decline in cognitive functions including memory disorders.

Symptoms of hydrocephalus vary widely, and may include vomiting, headache, muscle spasms, sleepiness, uncontrolled eye movements, seizures, slowed movements, memory loss, and difficulty walking. A baby may have a shrill cry and a bulging “soft spot” on top of the head. Diagnosis is made by medical history, neurological examination, and CT scan or other tests. Surgery may be required to remove a blockage, to establish proper fluid flow within the brain, or to place a shunt that drains the fluid into the abdomen or other area.